Some of the researchers advise that the shareholders can sell whenever they required the amount or fund. However, this is the dividend irrelevance theory which determines that dividend payments negligibly or inferiorly influence a stock’s price as ... well. Practically, it is an earning for investors in spite of having the recommendation that dividend policy is irrelevant or insignificant. In fact sometime, the firm executives are also the biggest investors and have the most to achieve from a liberal dividend policy or plan. Generally, most of the institutions or firms opine the dividend policy as a constitutive portion of their corporate technique. In this case, the authority has to ascertain on the dividend ratio, timing and miscellaneous factors which affect dividend payments very much. Merely, there are three kinds of dividend policies like the residual dividend policy, the stable dividend policy and the constant dividend policy respectively. For instance, Kinder Morgan reverberated the investment universe while in the year of 2015 they exclude their dividend payment by 75 percent which was a step that operate the share value container. Despite that, many investors construct the firm on strong base and creating sound economical pronouncements because of their future. Here, the firm’s exclusion of dividend virtually performed in their act of kindness and six month later Kinder Morgan observed its share value increment near about 25 percent. At the beginning of 2019, the firm again increased its dividend payment by 25 percent, a step which assisted to revitalize or reexhilarate shareholder’s reliability to energize the firm. The share price movement with the dividend pay-outs as related to dividend policy has been minutely observed here throughout the study. The secondary data required for the proposed study have been drawn from the Ace Equity (Accord Fintech Pvt. Ltd.), Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) database, company annual reports, stock exchange publications, and RBI annual reports as usually. Additionally, the proposed samples have been drawn from the list of the firms incorporated with the leading stock exchanges of India such as the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), National Stock Exchange of India (NSE), Calcutta Stock Exchange (CSE), Metropolitan Stock Exchange, India International Exchange, NSE International Exchange, National Commodity & Derivatives Exchange, Multi Commodity Exchange, Indian Commodity Exchange, etc to get a well-diversified index that closely approximates the market portfolio.Read More...Read Less...

The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered economic disruptions with heavy blow to the labour markets. Steep economic contraction due to lockdown has resulted in a huge amount of job loss in most emerging economies like India. This paper attempts to analyse... the Indian job loss scenario from the dimensions of area of residence, gender, education and age. The conditions of the salaried workers have been analysed using CMIE data on employment over the time span of March 2020 to May 2020.A pronounced rural-urban divide has been found in the case of overall job loss scenario. Higher levels of education have been found to act as a shield against job losses. It is the rural youth who was found to be in a more challenging position than their urban counterpart. An increasing informalisation of the salaried workers have been noticed.Read More...Read Less...

In Pre-COVID times consumerism was meant for mere buying products for meeting daily satiable needs not thinking much of taste and preferences which was more of a conjectured buying habits except for few better consumers understanding buying needs and... value authenticated products. The sole concept of the manufacturing units was idealized on various easy and nonpremeasure production techniques and methods for easy consumption based on sense gratification and fast filling profits varying from different class of people of different economy. Low priced, low quality products were also accepted in early retail days hundred years ago but later the consumers became aware of the fact that the consumption of goods should be of higher quality and services. (William T Robinson, 1985).This quality approach was supported by the selling approach where aggressive selling took over and consumers were just used as means to sell for the profitability. (Leone, 1991) By the middle of the twentieth century, more and more organizations began to feel the need of understanding customers and the consumers began to resist mass production. People came in contact with the outside world with open ended discussions ,media provocative advertorials, developing buying taste and habits, induced cognitive and behavioral process, and constant evaluation of the products in the basis of quality and quantity and of course post -buying behavior to retain with the products in the mere future or switching to a different products with same satisfying variables. This change of behavior leading to a concrete Consumer preference which led to the rise of consumerism, innovation product, rise of direct and indirect competition, changing lifestyles, increased international trade and marketing –oriented approach along with united decision- making groups like family or organization (Michael Storper, 2009).But sudden change after widespread pandemic outbreak the procedure of consumer demands is now to be understood and new choices are being made or will be made to understand each product on the basis of safety, and this will lead to a era of “new normal development” in the field of consumer behavior. In this paper we will be discussing on changing consumer behaviour and attitudes post COVID 19, why do we need to understand consumer buying habits, consumer as a decision maker Post COVID times, consumer retailing thoughts in and after 2020, post COVID Consumer motives of buying.Read More...Read Less...

The pandemic caused by COVID-19 virus and the imposition of great lockdown has thrown the global economy off its feet by putting the trade and commercial in utter impasses. At this juncture, standard wisdom of macroeconomics envisages a massive disru... ption in supply as well as in demand. This paper seeks to examine the economic fallout of the pandemic in the light of demand-supply constrained macroeconomic equilibrium. It has been illustrated how imposition lockdown led to severe plummeting of aggregate demand with the emergence of poignant aversion to spending at spree in anticipation of future economic predicament. Beside this, investors also become pessimistic leading to investment turning relatively interest inelastic. Under the circumstances, though fiscal expansion to combat the crisis emerged as the linchpin the macro-economic policies, it becomes essential to investigate the efficacy of fiscal stimulus (backed by monetization of deficit) of the government on the real variables of the economy which is addressed in this paper. Besides, this study also reveals the potential risk of overshooting the inflation rate associated with this kind of fiscal stimulus.Read More...Read Less...

Corporate Social responsibility means doing social welfare voluntarily by companies. It includes charitable and philanthropic activities. India has a long tradition of CSR activities amongst poor people. This descriptive paper examines the compliance... of the provisions for CSR activities in the companies Act 2013 by the Indian companies. This paper also seeks to explore the thematic pattern of CSR spending by the Indian companies. This study found that almost all big companies have spent more than 2% of the average profit of previous three years as per companies Act. It also found that big companies have given more thrust on education and healthcare. More and more projects should be taken on environment, rural and community development, promotion of sports, protection of heritage, art and culture to ensure overall growth of an economy.Read More...Read Less...

The Financial Institutions of India and the banking sector has undergone massive revolution over the past three decades in order to cater to the banking and financial needs for all in the most efficient yet simple manners. Digitalization has enabled ... users to access their accounts and carry on transactions without their physical presence. But this advancement has also given rise to various crimes which exploit the linchpins and limitations of these systems. Such cyber crimes are more dangerous in nature than regular ones, as it is often difficult to track the criminals, or authorities lack the knowledge to apprehend them. Cyber criminals are coming up with innovative ideas to dupe innocent victims of their hard earned money, one of the leading methods being Card frauds, both debit and credit. There are numerous weapons in the arsenal of criminals in this respect such as skimming, card trapping, stealing, pharming, key stroke logging, phishing scams, installing malware or viruses to name a few. This paper deals with the types of card frauds with special focus in debit and credit cards that are currently plaguing India, and how to combat them. Read More...Read Less...

Emotional labour refers to “the management of feeling to create a publicly observable facial and bodily display”. (Arlie Hochschild, 1979) Emotional Labour is what happens within the workplace and is a form of emotion management that is required ... in course of buyer-seller interaction. Several emotion regulation theories clearly show that emotional labour is the outcome of two antecedent i.e. situational factors and individual factors. A thorough research has been carried out on the situational factors, but very few researches have been conducted to analyse how important are the individual factors in the emotion regulation process. The concept of emotional labour will become more clear and defined if the individual characteristics are placed in the emotional framework and its outcome is evaluated and analysed. Individuals behave differently in different situations. Some are more emotional some are less, some are better at regulating their emotions while others find it difficult, some get stressed easily while others are good enough to handle stress. Emotional labour is mostly witnessed in the service industries where the service providers and service receivers come in direct contact with each other for the service delivery process. Service providers deliver their services in both favourable and unfavourable circumstances. Under favourable circumstances emotional labour results in less exhaustion and more job satisfaction. Moreover if a service provider’s personality or traits fit the job requirements, it can be assumed that he/she will experience more “emotional harmony” than “emotional exhaustion”. If there is lack of fit between a service provider’s personality and job requirements, then he/she will probably experience more negative consequences of emotional labour that will result in emotional exhaustion, stress and job dissatisfaction. Researchers have conducted thorough research on EL on different service sectors like airline, bank, police force, front office jobs and to a little extent on nurses and doctors of mental patients. A research on healthcare professionals comprising of the doctors, nurses and administrative unit, as a whole has not been conducted so far. A study on the same has become quite essential in present social structure.Read More...Read Less...